Artificial colors and sweeteners.
Actually, the truth is the sensors on the MODIS satellite do detect the different wavelengths that different objects put out, but the image does have the color added to it via software and the data given back from the satellite.
So I guess it is best described as you are seeing the truth, just enhanced because in reality, those colors would not show up so vivid from so far away. Too much atmosphere to look through.
-John